Parents Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to...

Parent’s Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism Alcohol (beverages): beverages which contain ethanol substance, this substance cause a person become drunk (e.g. beer, whiskey). (W. Merriam Corporation, 2011) Definition of alcoholism †¢ According to mayo clinic, alcoholism is an inability to control the desire to consume alcoholic beverages. The desire will always lead to serious condition, because the person who drinks alcohol does not know if he/she drinks too much. (Mayoclinic, 2012) †¢ Additionally, Alcoholic Anonymous UK states that alcoholism is a combination of physical impulse and a mental obsession which lead to enormous craving for alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic is a person who consume†¦show more content†¦This phase begins with awareness and ends with being a normal family despite the alcoholic still drink. o Alternative phase: this phase will begin when the family consider separation as a viable solution for their problems, but in this phase it should be noted that an alcoholic family could be reorganized and reintergrated even after they were separated. This phase is usually happens after phase 1 (reactive), alternative phase will revolve in (polarization, separation, and family reorganization). o Family unity phase: family unity phase will have 2 alternatives (â€Å"dry drunk† or family growth), although they will experience a period of â€Å"sobriety† (which is the time when an alcoholic stops drinking), sobriety does not assure that the family problems has been solved, as there are many trouble entailing alcoholism, the situation of a former drunk family might be the same as before. While quite rare, t here is a possibility leading to family growth (if the family decide to leave the past and could overcome the past negativities and improve themselves). (Ackerman, 1983) Role of Parents in minimizing underage drinking: †¢ National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism suggest that the role of parents in preventing adolescent alcohol misuse by: o Serves asShow MoreRelatedTeenage Binge Drinking and its Consequences1294 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage drinking is among the issues that have received respectable attention from researchers owing to its increase. In the United States as well as other countries, underage drinking has become a prevalent issue with often far-reaching consequences. Teenagers, who engage in binge drinking, are likely to be exposed to other dangers, such as psychological issues, drinking-related accidents, and violent crimes. The increased prevalence of this problem makes it imperative to understand contributingRead MoreYouth Addiction Alcohol : Causes And Concerns1544 Words   |  7 PagesConcerns Instruction In today’s society, alcohol use and heavy drinking is very common among young adults and adolescence. Since the end of the 20th century, more and more of the younger populations have started participating in alcohol consumption. Unlike in the early 1900’s when alcohol was heavily regulated – alcohol was even banned in the United States from 1919 – 1933 due to prohibition – it is now normal for anyone above the legal drinking age to walk into a liquor store and buy as much alcohol asRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Decision Of Underage Drinking Essay2291 Words   |  10 Pagesthe young and make them believe that drinking can really bring all the pleasures portrayed in the advertisements, like the beach parties, celebrations, and fun at sporting events Alcohol, that may be consumed, has been a very important aspect of the world. Many people enjoy being able to have the feeling you receive when they do drink any form of alcohol. Alcoho l advertising influences not only adults but teens and children who are too young to purchase it. Parents have a large impact on children sRead More The Impact of Lowering the Drinking Age on State University Essay4145 Words   |  17 Pages The legal drinking age in the United States will always be a point of contention. No one can settle upon a drinking age that everyone is in agreement with; should it be 18 or 21? Ages 18 and 21 are the most popular options, yet neither one has 100% of the vote. With the current legal drinking age in America standing at 21, meaning that people under the age of 21 cannot purchase or consume alcoholic food or beverages, there is the question of whether or not to lower it to 18 or 19 years oldRead MoreBinge Drinking Is A Large Social Issue1879 Words   |  8 Pagespeople drank excessive amounts of alcohol at least once a month (NHMRC, 2015) . Binge drinking can be defined as ‘the consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol in a shor t period of time.’ Binge drinking is a large social issue (GreenFacts, 2016) that affects not only the individual but the community and can have negative effects on mental health, physical health, emotional health and social health. Binge drinking increases the risk of many health issues such as: road accidents, domestic abuse, crimeRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 PagesDrug Abuse Among American Teenagers Drug abuse in America is a major problem. Especially among teenagers. Drugs have hurt the lives of nearly 40 percent of all teenagers in America. Either with health problems, DWIs, highway crashes, arrests, impaired school and job performance. These drugs that teenagers use range from Alcohol, LSD, Marijuana, and even Cigarettes. Most of the teenagers that are involved in drug abuse have either, broken families, parents that are drug abusers, a unstable environmentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology

Three Study Boxes Written Corrective Feedback - 1252 Words

Study Box 1 Background This study investigated how both teachers and ESL students perceive written corrective feedback (WCF), focusing on their perception about the usefulness of different types and amount of WCF as well as their reasons for having such perceptions. Research questions 1. What amount of WCF do ESL students and teachers think is most useful, and why? 2. What types of WCF do students and teachers think are most useful, and why? 3. What types of errors do students and teachers think should be corrected, and why? 4. Are there differences between students’ and teachers’ preferences and reasons regarding the usefulness of different amounts of WCF, types of WCF, and types of errors to be corrected? Participants 33 adult upper†¦show more content†¦2. What are the misfits between EFL teachers perceptions of written feedback and their real practices in the classroom? Participants Fifteen teachers and 45 EFL students coming from beginning to advanced level. Method and/or instruments The data were obtained by using questionnaires for both the teachers and learners. For the learners, the questionnaires were written in their L1 (Persian) to avoid potential difficulties in comprehending the questions. The teachers were also given an error correction task using the advanced students’ actual writing and an interview followed afterwards. Statistical tools Reliability analysis with Cronbachs Alpha. Results It was found that there were four areas where the learners’ and the teachers’ perception differ: (1) teachers manners of marking, where most of the teachers believed they comprehensively corrected students’ errors, but the learners’ believed that they were always given selective corrections; (2) the use of error codes, where most of the teachers did not perceived using error codes useful and therefore avoided using them, while the majority of the students felt that they needed such codings and thought they would benefit from them; (3) awareness of error selection principle, where most of the teachers agreed that their students were aware about their error selection principle, but, again, most of the students did not think so; (4) effectiveness of teachers’ error feedback practices, where the majorityShow MoreRelatedThe Lack Of Fluency Within Their Reading Programs2148 Words   |  9 Pagesbeing read. This understanding of context and expression allows the reader to engage and interact with the text as they begin to formulate questions on what may come next or predict the ending (Kuhn, 2004). In Devault and Joseph’s review (2004), studies concluded that the effectiveness of RR is based on repeated word recognition. Repeated word recognition has become the stepping stone for developing instant word recognition, which in turn provides the entrance to comprehension. There are over 100Read MoreIso 9000, Service Quality and Ergonomics Stanislav Karapetrovic5464 Words   |  22 Pagesquality, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 17 Iss: 6 pp. 430 - 440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410390410566724 Rabiul Ahasan, Daniel Imbeau, (2003),Who belongs to ergonomics? An examination of the human factors community, Work Study, Vol. 52 Iss: 3 pp. 123 - 128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00438020310471917 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF GAZA For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other EmeraldRead MoreProject Management: Construction of an Ultra Modern Hospital17353 Words   |  70 PagesMANAGEMENT APPROACH 41 MEASURING PROJECT COSTS 42 REPORTING FORMAT 43 COST VARIANCE RESPONSE PROCESS 43 COST CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS 43 PROJECT BUDGET 43 SPONSOR ACCEPTANCE 45 6.0 QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS PLAN 46 (University for Development Studies Modern Hospital) 46 Date 46 Name 46 Title 46 Signature 46 Management 47 Quality Policy 47 Format 47 Project Quality Organization 50 QO Key Positions 51 Roles and Responsibilities 53 Executive Committee 53 Project Manager 53 ConstructionRead MoreProject Report On Online Job Portal Essay6551 Words   |  27 Pageswork presented in this Project entitled â€Å"Online Job Portal† for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science from Amity school of engineering and technology, Noida under my supervision. The Project embodies result of original work and studies carried out by Student himself and the contents of the Project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else. Ms.Shanu Sharma Project Guide ABSTRACT The project would help us in effective andRead MoreThesis on Recruitment and Selection Process15525 Words   |  63 Pages______________________________________ DEDICATION We are dedicating our work to our parents and respected teacher Mam Sofia Waleed, who have played a vital role in our studies and have guided us at every step with their precious ideas. No doubt this dedication is insufficient and we can never repay for the role which they have played in our studies but we are sure that their work will prove itself an asset in our life â€Æ' Acknowledgement I am very thankful to Mam Sofia which gave us valuable informationRead MoreVALUE AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR DYNAMIC BRIEF DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION8325 Words   |  34 Pagesconstruction teams, the briefing process is a cornerstone for achieving client satisfaction. Hence, it has to be flexible, well organised, and responsive to the client requirements [4,5] . Formal observations, literature review, analysis of 36 case studies, documentary data and unstructured interviews with projects architects undertaken by the author showed that very few buildings are finished on time, or at the right cost and clients often blame the construction industry of providing productsRead MorePmp Exam Preparation Questions32679 Words   |  131 Pages$9,793. What is the actual cost of the project A $793 B ($8,793) C ($1,000) D $8,000 7   In general, the project manager communicates with the project team through: A Both formal and informal written communication B Formal written status reports C Both formal and informal written and verbal communication D Phone conversations and team meetings 8 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a: A Communication tool B Risk management tool C Quality management tool D Procurement tool Read MoreSdlc23489 Words   |  94 Pagesacceptable between phases. (ii) Emphasis is on planning, time schedules, target dates, budgets and implementation of an entire system at one time. (iii) Tight control is maintained over the life of the project through the use of extensive written documentation, as well as through formal reviews and approval/signoff by the user and information technology management occurring at the end of most phases before beginning the next phase.  © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Read MoreCollin Technologies Case Study Essay examples33525 Words   |  135 PagesTechnologies Case Study Baldrige Performance Excellence Program National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) †¢ United States Department of Commerce July 2013 To obtain Baldrige Program products and services, contact Baldrige Performance Excellence Program Administration Building, Room A600 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1020 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1020 Telephone: (301) 975-2036 Fax: (301) 948-3716 E-mail: baldrige@nist.gov Web: http://www.nist.gov/baldrige The Collin Technologies Case Study is a fictionalRead MoreCustomer Relations15546 Words   |  63 Pagesof business with us, even to the extent of single sourcing.    1.1.3 Customer relationship    For any business success there are three important agencies which include the following: †¢ Customer †¢ Investor/ shareholder †¢ Employees    An organization in order to become globally competitive, needs to provide benefits and enhance value to all the three parties referred above.    A relationship can not exist in isolation. It gets established due to mutual respect between supplier and

Chapter 12 Is That A Symbol - 1083 Words

Chapter 12: Is That A Symbol? Accepting the fact that something is a symbol is easy. However, finding out what it means or what it stands for. Symbols can interpret more than one thing, we can only discuss possible meanings and interpretations. Symbols are not only built on associations readers have, but also on emotional reactions which captures the reader emotionally. f it isn’t symbolism, its allegory, which stands for other things on a one-for-one basis that convey a certain message. The cave is a symbol of secrets and mysteries represents mainly by how the reader engages the story. Keys: We want symbols to mean something, something for all of us Allegory fails if there is obscurity between the i) emblem, ii) the figurative construct. iii) the thing it really represents The message is usually hidden, the reader must find it out by themselves Symbols do not work neatly Actions can be symbolic Chapter 13: It’s All Political If literature isn’t Shakespearean or biblical, it is political. Foster wrote this chapter to convey to the readers that almost every story is inspired by the political problems that is around the writer. For example, a very old, and popular story, â€Å"The Christmas Carol.† Foster claims that the tale was really an attack to a widely taken political belief at the time. There are two different types of political writing. One is â€Å"I hate â€Å"political† writing,† this is the type that Foster dislikes because of their â€Å"primary intents to influence theShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne881 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism is the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature. There are many symbols throughout Nathanial Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. The characters and many different things throughout the book are all symbolic, but the main symbol in the novel is the letter â €Å"A† on Hester Prynne’s gown. Not only are there many symbols throughout the novel, but the letter â€Å"A† has many different representations of itself such as, adultery, which is the main symbol for the â€Å"A,† her abilityRead MoreDesign And Fpga Implementation Of Ofdm Synchronization1254 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 5 Design and FPGA Implementation of OFDM Synchronization The channel estimation technique proposed in Chapter 4 is based on the assumption that the coherent reception is perfect. That is, the system synchronization is perfectly implemented. Synchronization is one of the most challenging and important tasks to any receiver using coherent modulation, especially for OFDM systems which are highly sensitive to synchronization errors. This chapter proposes a synchronizer based upon the delayRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Of And It Gon Na Hurt You 1203 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Jones English 101 28 August 2015 Chapter Analysis of How to Read Literature like a Professor (chapters 11-15, 18-27) Chapter 11 - ...More Than It’s Gonna Hurt You: Concerning Violence The main objective of this chapter is to describe violence and its purpose in a literary work. In this chapter, the author speaks of violence and the two kinds of violence which are the specific injury and the narrative violence. Violence can be described as symbolic, thematic, biblical, Shakespearean, romanticRead MoreEssay about How to Read Literature Like a Professor1562 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster Chapter Reflections Introduction: How’d He Do That? * How do memory, symbol, and pattern affect the reading of literature? How does the recognition of patterns make it easier to read complicated literature? Discuss a time when your appreciation of a literary work was enhanced by understanding symbol or pattern. * When reading literature: memory, symbol, and pattern help you understand the text better. If you don’t comprehendRead MoreNotes On Reading Literature Like A Professor Log1286 Words   |  6 PagesRead Literature Like a Professor Log Chapter 1: Every Trip is a Quest (Except When It’s Not) From this chapter, In learned that the truth behind all quests is to find self-knowledge. Most of the time, the people on the quest are young and inexperienced, but by the end of their adventure, they’ve found their niche, and completed their mission. There is always a quester, a place to go, a reason to go, challenges and trials en route, and the real reason to go. Chapter 2: Nice to Eat with You: Acts of CommunionRead MoreThemes And Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne705 Words   |  3 PagesIn most novels, symbols are introduced to the readers often through prevalent attributes. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, there are many people, places, and objects that hold a more complex meaning than it’s shown to be. This novel, containing shame, secrets, and ultimately retribution is shown with many characters and situations. These symbolic ideas are used throughout The Scarlet Letter to bring deep connections between the characters and the story. The symbols usually appear toRead MoreThe Color Purple Chapter 11267 Words   |  6 PagesKim Magtibay Mrs. Gregory AP Literature and Composition 21 August 2017 Summer Reading Assignment The Color Purple Ch. 1 â€Å"Every Trip is a Quest† In this chapter, Foster addresses the five elements of a quest: a quester, a place to go, a stated reason to go there, some challenges and trials on the way, and a real reason to go there. At the end of the quest, the questers learn that the real reason is always for self knowledge and self growth. Celie, the protagonist, struggles to find happiness and comfortRead MoreSymbolism Of The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne923 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism is a common approach used in writing, but it is not to be taken for its exact connotation. In literature, the symbol can be a person, item, circumstance, or action that has a more profound significance in the writing. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are four main symbols that the reader would notice. The symbols include, the colors red and black, the meteor, Pearl, and the scarlet letter itself. Hawthorne uses symbolism in the novel to communicate his message. In thisRead MoreImplementing Android Based Application For Attendance Management System For Colleges994 Words   |  4 Pages DFD LEVEL 0 7 3. DFD LEVEL 1 7 4. DFD LEVEL 2 9 5. USE-CASE DIAGRAM 10 6. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 11 7. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 12 LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE End1 End2 End association Actor1 Actor User System Boundary Action state Control flowRead MoreThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In this novel the most significant symbol is the mocking bird. A mocking bird is a type of Finch: a small, discrete bird with a beautiful song, which mocks or imitates the other birds song. One of the most explicit references made about mocking birds is that in chapter 10. Atticus is telling Scout and Jem how top use their shotguns for the first time, he says, Shoot all the bluejays you want, if

Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation †Free Samples to Student

Question: Discuss about the Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation System. Answer: Introduction Generally, this main research topic of the study is Positive Accounting Research. Moreover, it should also be noted down that, in the present time of competitive business and corporate financial era, it is essential and more important for the companies or firms to effectively adopt and use positive accounting theory in order to enhance the organizational performance. Today, positive accounting theory is used as one of the most effective and innovative tools by the companies or firms to maximize financial as well as economic performance of the company. Positive accounting is also a broader term that helps the firms in creating causal explanations of human behavior in accounting settings. Positive accounting is also assists the companies improving financial performance and conducting accounting and financial tasks more appropriately. Positive accounting is also necessary for the companies because it provides strategic directions about how to maintain market share, overcome accounting errors, conduct financial/accounting functions and bring innovation and development within the current processes. In the same way, Management each and every organization must focus on using positive accounting theory in their workplace practices for the total success. The key aim of the Critique is to understand and evaluate the roles and importance of positive accounting developing causal explanations. Moreover, understanding the significance and value of positive accounting theory in the fortitude of accounting standards is the key objective of the critique. In addition to this, developing a clear understanding about the accounting theory, accounting concepts, accounting standards is also the key aim of this paper. Structure of the Paper: Basically, the structure this research paper is effective because the overall study is divided into different parts in order to fulfill the aims and objectives of the paper. For example, the first part of the study is about introduction in which a general description about the research topic would be given. Moreover, the aims/objectives of the Critique and the main arguments of the paper would also be presented. Finally, information about the overview of the paper would also be given to understand the objectives and aims of the study. The second part of the research paper is about the Article summary which the main arguments of the given research article such as: Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research would be presented by considering aims, findings, theoretical arguments and contribution of the article. The next part is Research Question which research questions related would be identified from the research article. Theoretical Framework is the fourth part of the research st udy, in which the conceptual and theoretical framework would be presented. Moreover, in the significance and limitations of the Article part of the paper, the main merits and demerits would be discussed. Finally, in the conclusion, overall main findings and implications would be summarized. In this research article, the author had defined and explained the concepts, significance and value of positive accounting theory in the context of research program. In addition to this, it can also be summarized that, positive accounting theory is one of the most specific and fundamental branch of academic accounting research that mainly analyze and forecast real world accounting practices (Dunmore, 2009). In the same way, positive accounting is plays a key role in the predicting the real words events and interpreting that events to the accounting transaction. On the other hand, the study conducted by the researcher in the article involve positive theory of accounting in a broad sense of research programs which Management major objective and purpose is to develop and create causal explanations of human behavior in accounting settings (MacLullich, 2003). At the same time, the study is also observes the positive accounting approach to the accounting research. Moreover, it can also be summarized that, positive accounting research is one of the major branch and element of the wider intellectual project of scientific research that utilized in order to recognize the cause effect relations. It is also explained by the researcher in the study that, positive accounting research is characterized with a lot of importance as well as deficiencies that could be reviewed by using wider intellectual project with projects epistemological ontological assumptions (Hay, Knechel, and Wong, 2006). Furthermore, this study is also analyze and evaluate various kinds of serious deficiencies that performed by the positive accounting research. This indicates that, in conducting of positive accounting research, various serious issues and challenges are faced directly (Dunmore, 2009). Along with this, the real aim and objective of the positive accounting may be dissimilar, if the positive accounting research is not well-established. It is also explained by the author in the research article that, positive accounting research may also be used as a paradigm which is best in order to solve accepted puzzles within a social group which allow rewards such puzzle-solving regardless of the social or intellectual contribution to be derived from the solutions (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). On the other hand, it is also defined that, positive accounting theory or research is also important and more valuable for the companies or firms in order to make true assumptions in the context of real world events. Hence, positive accounting research brings innovation within the accounting and financial transactions (Hodge, Kennedy, and Maines, 2004). At the same time, it is also accessed and analyzed from the given research article that, the phenomena of accounting are sourced by the operation of rational self-interest between the parties who cooperate by the implied or express contract in the different kinds of business firms. This could also consider not only accounting choices by the companys business managers but also the reporting and pricing conclusion by the auditors (Porter, and Norton, 2008). Moreover, it is defined by the author that, there are several areas of positive accounting research that do not draw significantly on the theoretical model. Furthermore, positive accounting theory does not have wider scope and broader areas as compare to the positive research programs. It indicates that, both positive accounting research and accounting research are not similar. Hence, there are a lot of differences exist among the Management positive accounting research and accounting research (Ittner, Larcker, and Meyer, 2003). It is also accessed that, several types of accounting research analyze the behavior in accounting settings without assuming rational behavior that affects users ability to absorb it. Moreover, it can be said that, in this research study, the researcher had analyzed, explained, and investigated the epistemology as well as ontology of positive research and analyzed how the in-progress practices of accounting research falls short of what is required to operate the research program successfully. Finally, the author had investigated and focused the theoretical models, need for much better measurement, need for data archives of measurements of important concepts and need for extensive replication (Dunmore, 2009). Research Question The research article is characterized with a lot of research objectives, questions and purposes. The following are major research questions identified from the given research article. How the positive accounting theory is more valuable in relation to research program? Is positive accounting theory a branch of academic accounting research? What are the key roles of positive accounting in predicting the real words events? What is the major objective of accounting research programs? Explain how positive accounting research could be a branch of wider intellectual project of scientific research What are the major importance deficiencies associated with the positive accounting research? What are the main consequences if accounting research is not entrenched? How positive accounting research may be used as a paradigm? Is positive accounting theory has less scope as compare to positive research programs? What are the key differences among the accounting research and positive accounting research? (Watts, and Zimmerman, 1990). What is the epistemology ontology of positive research in accounting? Theoretical Framework The study had explained various fundamental theoretical concepts in the area of accounting. For case, in the study, the theoretical concept related to the positive accounting theory, positive accounting research, academic accounting research, ontology, epistemology had explained very clearly and accurately. This theoretical framework could help the readers, students and researchers in understanding of importance of positive accounting research and positive theory of accounting (Kealey, Lee, and Stein, 2007). Moreover, the study has wider Management scope and provides opportunity to the students to effectively analyze the differences among accounting research and positive accounting research and apply them in their real life or workplace. The concepts identified in the research could also help the readers in enhancing their skills, and knowledge in the areas of accounting (Nissim and Penman, 2001). At the same time, the study is also more important and valuable because it clearly indicates the roles of positive accounting and positive accounting research in predicting the real words events. The learners could also able to understand the concept associated with the accounting research programs in effective and proper manner. Moreover, the research is also provides a brief discussion and analysis about the intellectual project of scientific research and consequences of accounting research (Humphrey, 2008). Furthermore, with the help of study, the students or learners could also understand the deficiencies as well as significance of positive accounting research. For case, the readers could be able to use positive accounting research as a paradigm. Along with this, the study is clearly explains different theoretical concepts such as: ontology and epistemology positive accounting research and dissimilarity among the accounting research and positive accounting research (Libet, 2002). Significance and Limitations The following are the significance as well as limitation of the research study such as: The main significance of the study is that, it does not focus only on the theoretical concepts but also provide practical suggestions and information on of positive accounting theory positive accounting research. Moreover, the study is also offer deep insight information on positive accounting theory and research by considering the practical theoretical aspects. The study also has different accounting application that could be used at the workplace. On the other hand, different types of accounting related concepts, methods, and theories are proposed in the study to effectively understand the research. Finally, discussion on the accounting models, theories, and standards is also given to address the research questions properly (Schulz, and Cheng, 2002). The researcher had not used research methods properly to attain the key aims and objectives of the study. For example, both data and information is not presented properly graphically. Research shows lack of data for the further research that is a key issue in the study. Moreover, there is no proper and accurate use of both the methods such as primary and secondary to attain the research objectives. Interview, survey and questionnaire methods are not used in the study properly to get the real information about the study. In addition to this, it is also important to know that, the research had mainly focused on using of secondary source of information instant of primary method. The overall study indicates that, there is no relation among the research objectives and aims (Lobo, and Zhao, 2013). Conclusion Based on the above analysis and research, it can be concluded and summarized that, positive accounting research is more important and valuable for the firms than positive accounting. In addition to this, it can also be concluded that, business firms must use positive accounting in order to conduct the research program to access the real world events. On the other hand, it is also accessed that, positive accounting theory is known and considered as a branch of academic accounting research and predict the real words events. Moreover, positive accounting research is also adopted and utilized by the companies and firms as a part of wider intellectual project of scientific research in order to conduct the business transaction related to accounting and finance. At the same time, it can also be concluded that, positive accounting research provides a lot of valuable benefits to the companies but it deals with the several deficiencies that could be addressed by using appropriate accounting th eories and standards. References Dunmore, P.V. (2009). Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available At: https://sydney.edu.au/business/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/59988/Paul_Dunmore_MEAFA_2010.pdf [Accessed On: 28 April 2017] Hay, D. C., Knechel, W. R. and Wong, N. (2006). Audit fees: A meta-analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes. Contemporary Accounting Research 23 (1), pp, 141191. Hodge, F. D., Kennedy, J. J. and Maines, L. A. (2004). Does search-facilitating technology improve the transparency of financial reporting? The Accounting Review 79 (3), pp, 687703. Humphrey, C. (2008). Auditing research: A review across the disciplinary divide. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal 21 (2), pp, 170 203. Ittner, C. D., Larcker, D. F. and Meyer, M. W. (2003). Subjectivity and the weighting of performance measures: Evidence from a balanced scorecard. The Accounting Review 78 (3), pp, 725758. Kealey, B. T., Lee, H. Y. and Stein, M. T. (2007). The association between audit- firm tenure and audit fees paid to successor auditors: Evidence from Arthur Andersen. Auditing 26 (2), pp. 95116. Libet, B. (2002). The timing of mental events: Libets experimental findings and their implications. Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2), pp. 291299. Lobo, G. J. and Zhao, Y. (2013). Relation between audit effort and financial report misstatements: Evidence from quarterly and annual restatements. The Accounting Review, 88(4), pp, 1385-1412. MacLullichConclusion, K. (2003). The Emperors new clothes? New audit regimes: Insights from Foucaults Technologies of the Self. Critical Perspectives on Accounting 14 (8), pp. 791. Nissim, D. and Penman, S.H. (2001). Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation: From Research to Practice. Review of Accounting Studies, 6, pp, 109154. Porter, G. and Norton, C. (2008). Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers (6th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2004). Accounting Theory. USA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Schulz, A. K. D. and Cheng, M. M. (2002). Persistence in capital budgeting reinvestment decisions personal responsibility antecedent and information asymmetry moderator: A note. Accounting Finance 42 (1), pp, 7386. Watts, R. L. and Zimmerman, J. L. (1990). Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, 131-156.

Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Lifestyle â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Lifestyle? Answer: Introduction Marketing strategy and plan is one of the integral parts of an organisational behaviour that encourage it for an expansion into some other market (Baker, 2014). This can happen because of various reasons such as market saturation in the existing market. In such situations, efficient management feel this smarter to move to some other market while keeping the operation in the existing marketing as well. They move to other market in order to enhance their annual returns and to expand its market area to globalise the concept. Globalising the concept would bring them the much-needed benefits, which has become stagnant in the existing market. This assignment is also on the same theme (Gruber, MacMillan Thompson, 2013). The company chosen for this assignment is Ya Kun, which is headquartered in Singapore. The company has attained successes in the country; however, it has now reached to saturation. This is why the management has felt this wiser to move to some other potential market in orde r to attain a progressive trend for the annual returns. The management has decided to move to some other potential market such as India, Malaysia, Brunei, Maldives and Thailand (MENKHOFF EVERS, 2015). The main purpose of this assignment is to analyse the potentiality of the company in context to entering into the identified markets. In doing so, this assignment checks the company and its performance over all the required parameters such as external and internal environment analysis. Brief description of the company Ya Kun are arguably the most recognised coffee shop chains in Singapore. Ever since its inception in the year 1944 in Singapore, it never looked back. The opening was done as a coffee shop. Later, they developed their own trademark with their special kaya toast. The foundation was done as a coffee stall after the World War II; however, it really came into existence as coffee shop chains in the year 2001 in Singapore. Since then it has witnessed a huge expansion in the country and other parts of Asia. Currently, it has 40 outlets in Singapore. It is also operating in 30 other international locations altogether. One of the main reasons behind the success of the company is a mass popularity of its kaya toast. Long-term success can only be attained if innovation is delivered at the most suitable time (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Ya Kun have maintained the same strategy, which is highly evident in their strategy behind keeping the toast fresh and tasty. They do not believe in importing things from outside of the country. They rather believe in delivering the fresh, which is only possible if it is produced locally. They try to use various natural resources in order to keep their offerings fresh. For example, they offer plastic bags to carry the toast or other snacks. They rely on same supplier for getting all the required materials needed. The kaya toast and the coffee powder are manufactured at its factory in Bedok. These are some strategies, which enable them to offer fresh coffee and kaya toast to customers. They have not restricted them with coffee and toast only but they also offer snacks, beverages and much other stuff (Yakun.com, 2017). Mission and Vision Mission- The mission of the company is as follows (Yakun.com, 2017): To strive to preserve its uniqueness established ever since 1944 To propagate a belief that a fresh and good quality toast can produce friendship and partnership relations with the customers To attain a mission to offer its dual objectives, which is to provide the affordability and availability with its products To pursue an excellent customer service To position it at the forefront with innovation in production Vision- To establish the company as a household reputation in the country and the other parts of Asia (Yakun.com, 2017) Resources It is difficult to operations without the required different resources such as the human, capital, physical etc. Ya Kun Company like many other SMEs have smartly managed the requirement of capital flow. The expansion of the company in Singapore and the other parts of world has largely been accredited to its strategy to approach the franchisees. The different franchisees have helped the company in expanding to an elevated area of business in the country and the other parts of world. The company was able to penetrate into the market, which the company has no access with previously because of capital issues and the government regulations. Another interesting fact about the company is its human resource management, which has efficiently responded to the created urgency. The company relies heavily on recruiting the professionals and training them on the skills and the culture required to propagate the reputation that it carries. They have set certain criteria for selecting the candidate, which the aspirants need to agree in order to crack the interview. The criterion is to be punctual and to have willingness to work with flexible shifts. The training is carried on for two weeks in a row at its SAFRA Mount Faber outlet. The site offers a practical training program, which also include interacting with the live customers (bschool.nus.edu.sg, 2017). Current position Currently, the company is the second largest coffee chains in Singapore followed by ToastBox. Killiney Kopitiam is its other competitor. Ya Kun has maintained a progressive trend in the market; however, it is still a long way for the company to dislodge ToastBox from the top position. In terms of number of outlets, Ya Kun again comes at the second spot after ToastBox. Success of its marketing strategies They are efficient strategy maker in terms of marketing. Physically, they do unlike marketing of their products. For an example, they use wooden tables and tools in order to represent the Chinese culture. Additionally, unlike its competitors it offers limited menu with centred focus on their trademark product kaya toast. To connect to a wider audience, they also sell French toast and Toastwiches. They combine the meal with boiled eggs and beverage. They have kept prices slightly higher in its local outlets; however, it is still less expensive than the pricing at its overseas outlets. One of their unique marketing strategies is the use of recipe, which is only familiar with few Loi families. This is how they deliver a unique taste of coffee and kaya toast to the customers (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Microenvironment Singapore is a country where numerous different cultures exist. In other words, it means that there exists a variety of taste. Its stores have now become a compulsory one-visit store for most people living in Singapore. Customers of its different coffee shops are mainly the Asian people and those who belong to the other parts of world. They also need to recommend taste to select because most of the time customers find this difficult to understand the best taste for him or her. This is another interesting point that helps in attracting customers to its coffee outlets (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). There are mainly two competitors of Ya Kun Company in Singapore such as ToastBox and Killiney Kopitiam. ToastBox in particular has produced an enormous competition to the company. It is at the top position in Singapore in terms of number of outlets and the growth of sales. It is necessary for Ya Kun that it maintains a high standard quality of coffee, kaya toast and other snacks. This is necessary to enhance its sales. Singapore has become a business hub. It is also gaining popularity in the tourism industry. This is because of both the reasons it is necessary for the company to innovate with their offerings to attract a wider customer base (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Product/service analysis Unlike its competitors, Ye Kun is limited with the offerings; however, it has now opened up its arms of creative actions. The success story ever since its inception in the year 1944 has been the recipes that include soft-boiled eggs, toast layered with homemade kaya and fresh coffee. It has now also become a comfortable meal for most Singaporeans. The company has now become more creative with recipes in menu such as Toast Dipz. They have maintained their traditional legacy while agreeing to move with the pace of modern taste. The added product is just a mere example of such fact. They are doing this to reach out to younger customers. Such creative ideas have helped the company in producing many reasons for the customers to be in its coffee shops. They are also working with the Singapore Tourism Board to reach to a wider market. They are offering CapitalCard Promotion and discounted offers on Great Singapore Sale (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Based on above analysis the three kinds of products can be segmented as follows: Core- traditional coffee, kaya toast and even value meals Actual- different kinds of meals to satisfy the different kinds of needs, quality service food and significant brand value in the country Augmented- outlet locations are always close to business areas to make this convenient for the customers to visit, it has now become a significant place to meet with friends and conduct important meetings as well Target market The target market includes locals who have passion for traditional coffee and kaya toast. This also includes tourist, as Singapore has now become a significant tourist attraction. If it expands to some other parts of world such as Maldives, India, Malaysia and Thailand, it would target the local customers as well as the tourists coming from the other parts of world. The target market segmentation is like the following: Demographic- In this category, they have targeted young and middle age customers: 10-50 years old and elders: 50 years and above. This is rightly planned as well. These two age groups are the potential customers for coffee and snacks. Customers are both male and female. They are either married or single. Such business concept is for all income groups. Customers are not judged based on their race. They do this to reach to a wider customer base, which is very important to compete with its competitors (Wipo.int, 2017). Geographic- Geographically, they have targeted all the locals and the tourists who come to the country from other parts of world (Wipo.int, 2017). Behavioural- Those customers are targeted who are loyal and addictive to traditional coffee and kaya toast (Wipo.int, 2017). Psychographic- All those who fall within the lower to middle to upper class (Wipo.int, 2017) Competitive analysis They are competitive because they follow traditional footprint. They are also competitive because they use creative ideas to reach to a wider and enhanced customer base. Collaborating with the Singapore Tourism Board is one of such examples that show their utmost innovation for long-term business strategies. Introducing new taste such as Toast Dipz just shows that they are flexible enough to give space to change. The practical training given to shortlisted staffs in its training location with live customers just add values to their creativity. They are significantly behind to ToastBox in terms of sales growth and coffee outlets; however, they are a potential learner, which is good for a long-term business growth. Identifying the requirement to move to new markets such as Maldives, Malaysia, India and Thailand just show their capability to make justified decisions when it is required the most (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). Environmental analysis (PESTLE) Politically Singapore is a very stable country. The local government of the country has very encouraging thoughts, as it is evident in its decision to promote the country at the global platform in relation to tourism. They are favouring the growth of the country as the global tourism. Nevertheless, this would be beneficial for Ya Kun because it is already engaged in drawing the attention of tourists that come from the different parts of world (Aljunied, 2013). Singapores per capita growth in GDP is higher than even the few developed nations. The open trade policies have favoured mush more in becoming the centre as a business hub for many international companies. The country has also an advanced level of infrastructure, which is good for different kinds of business. The GDP growth and a highly developed infrastructure is a good sign for the business of Ya Kun Company. Locals of the country have high buying capability, which means that income is a least barrier in the success of the business. Additionally, foreign tourists are also the potential buyers (Vu, 2013). The population of the country is occupied with all the age groups. Additionally, it also has the population of tourists that are increasing with passage of time. The population is also a mixture of different cultures that represent different parts of world. It is indeed an opportunity for the Ya Kun Company that it has a large space to use its creativity to satisfy the needs of its target customers those who are young and middle age group people and elder ones (Swee-Hock, 2012). People living in this country are very comfortable with the English language. It has a very developed educational system, which means people are educated and qualified. This is indeed good for a further business of Ya Kun Company. It is a very safe city. It is one of few locations, which provide high supports to the infrastructure related development. This is one such factor, which is supportive for a progressive benefit of the companys business (Png Yoong, 2014). The Singaporean government is very ambitious on the technology part. Such tendency has already attracted much more investments from different parts of the world. The technological advancements of the country and the curiosity of the local government in relation to various technology adoptions have provided an enormous opportunity to the Ya Kun Company. Nevertheless, business operations in the country are supported by utmost set of technologies that is very important for the coffee business (Chatterji, 2016). The legal framework in the country is very favourable to the business. The rights of every business are protected with utmost strategies of the local government. The local government of the country does not let biasness happen with any company. This further means that companies can freely operate their business and would get fair chances of expansion (Ganguli, 2014). Environment The country has lost a significant area of mangrove, which is a matter of worry. However, the country has been successful in reducing the content of carbon from air. This is a remarkable achievement, which also creates potential aspects in the country for foreign investors. This has produced ample of opportunities for the Ya Kun Company to explore its creativity in front of a wide range of people and business (Lai et al., 2015). SWOT analysis Strengths- Mixing up traditional touch with the modern taste is one of the strengths of the company. Using innovative marketing strategies such as working in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board to attract the tourists is another strength, which makes them potential business company. Positioning the coffee house near to business areas is another strength that catches much attention (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Weaknesses- They have expanded to many foreign locations; however, they have not yet entered into some potentially developing markets such as India, Malaysia, Thailand and Maldives. India in particular is a potential location because of the highly incrementing population and an equally incrementing per capita GDP growth (Ahluwalia Little, 2012). Opportunities- Singapore market has now reached to saturation level. However, there are some other potential market such as India, Malaysia, Maldives and Brunei, which have ample of opportunities in them for coffee business (Mukherjee, White Wuyts, 2013). Threats- There is no such threat in Singapore because the business has now reached to a saturation level in the country. However, it might face some challenges in the target countries such as in India where there are many local and international leading companies such as CCD and Barista (Chengappa et al., 2014). There marketing objectives are as follows: To reach to a wider range of customers through effective marketing strategies such as working in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board Mixing up traditional flavour with the modern taste to attract younger generations Opening up shops close to different business places to attract maximum customers There financial objectives are as follows: To approach to a large number of franchisees in order to expand the business to a larger area To maintain the capital flow with a continuous expanding relationships with the franchisees It include traditional coffee, Kaya Toast, value meals, Toast Dipz, beverages etc. It has well designed to capture a wider customer base from younger to middle aged to elder people. Integrative marketing communication objectives The integrative marketing communication objectives include the following: To reach to a wider customers through every possible strategy that also include physical promotion such as opening up outlets at the business places To use different social media platforms such as Twitter to get close to the locals and tourists Creative approach/ Message strategy They have different promotional stunts such as opening up outlets close to business places, offering discounted offers to tourists in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board. They are also opening up stores at the airports to attract maximum foreign customers towards the brand. Integrative marketing communication options considered They have considered physical promotions such as opening up outlets near to airports and business areas. They also prefer using social media platforms such as Twitter to interact with the locals and the tourists. They also offer discounted offers to the tourists in order to attain a wider reception. Recommendation for IMC plan To use PR activities in order to get close to their customers and understand their requirements. This would help in improving their service further. Monitoring and evaluation of the program The monitoring and evaluation of the program is done by looking into the responses at the different platforms such as the followings at the Twitter. The price for different offering is little costlier in locals; however, it is less expensive to what it is in its global outlets. Their place of operation include majority of business places in Singapore. They are also operating in some other parts of world such as China, UAE. They have planned to expand into India, Malaysia, Maldives, Thailand and Brunei. It includes core ingredient, interactive staffs and skilled employees. It includes various such as legendary service, wooden tables tools and interacting with the tourists through discounted offers on shopping. Physical distribution Clean, friendly environment with wooden tables tools Beverages, snacks, kaya toast, coffee etc. Implementation and control They consider the implementation of various things such as offering discounts to tourists on their shopping with the help from Singapore Tourism Board. They mix up innovation with tradition to attract the younger generations. They control the process through different strategies such as they train employees through live interactions with customers. This strategy can effectively reduce any chances of shortcomings in the customer service. Conclusion Ya Kun are a progressive company that smartly operates with intelligently thoughts. This is why the company has attained a significant position in the hearts of Singaporeans as well as the foreign tourists to this country. The decision to enter the other potential markets such as India, Thailand, Malaysia, Maldives and Brunei would be attainable for the company as they are capable to foster a good entry. However, they need to prepare a thorough documentation comprising of market entry strategies before entering the market to prevent them from any loss. References Ahluwalia, I. J., Little, I. M. D. (2012).India's economic reforms and development: Essays for Manmohan Singh. Oxford University Press. Aljunied, K. (2013, November). Coffee-shops in colonial Singapore: Domains of contentious publics. InHistory Workshop Journal(Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 65-85). Oxford University Press. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. bschool.nus.edu.sg (2017). [online] bschool.nus.edu.sg. Available at: https://bschool.nus.edu.sg/Portals/0/images/Media/PrintMedia/2011/Sep/20110901_Success%20formula%20of%20a%20home%20grown%20SME_SPRING.pdf [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Chatterji, M. (Ed.). (2016).Technology transfer in the developing countries. Springer. Chengappa, P. G., Rich, K. M., Muniyappa, A., Yadava, C. G., Ganashruthi, M. K., Pradeepa, B. B., ... Rich, M. (2014). Sustainability coffee certification in India: Perceptions and Practices. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Ganguli, S. K. (2014). Dividend, Minority Shareholders, Legal Protection, and Firm Value: Evidence from Singapore. Gruber, M., MacMillan, I. C., Thompson, J. D. (2013). Escaping the prior knowledge corridor: What shapes the number and variety of market opportunities identified before market entry of technology start-ups?.Organization Science,24(1), 280-300. Iesingapore.gov.sg. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.iesingapore.gov.sg/-/media/IE-Singapore/Files/TastySingapore/Brand-Ambassadors/YaKun.ashx?la=en [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Lai, S., Loke, L. H., Hilton, M. J., Bouma, T. J., Todd, P. A. (2015). The effects of urbanisation on coastal habitats and the potential for ecological engineering: A Singapore case study.Ocean Coastal Management,103, 78-85. MENKHOFF, T., EVERS, H. D. (2015). Singapore: From Knowledge City to Start-Up'Hub'. Mukherjee, C., White, H., Wuyts, M. (2013).Econometrics and data analysis for developing countries. Routledge. Png, M. E., Yoong, J. S. Y. (2014). Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification versus metformin therapy for the prevention of diabetes in Singapore.PLoS One,9(9), e107225. Swee-Hock, S. (2012).The population of Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Vu, K. M. (2013). Information and communication technology (ICT) and Singapores economic growth.Information Economics and policy,25(4), 284-300. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Wipo.int (2017). [online] Wipo.int. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2573 [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Yakun.com. (2017).Ya Kun Kaya Toast. [online] Available at: https://www.yakun.com/ [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017].

The Social Psychology of Health

Introduction From the olden days of human evolution, people have faced different challenges in the society. Nations encounter various challenges that directly or indirectly affect the economic standards of a country. These challenges vary from one individual to another and from one country to another. Vandiver (62) argues that some challenges faced by societies are natural while others are human created.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Psychology of Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These challenges may include outbreak of chronic diseases, poverty, increase in crimes and disabilities among others. These challenges strongly affect human life and their social relations in a given society. An individual with a chronic disease that is incurable has to learn on how to leave with it. Similarly, those with disabilities have to find a way to cope with the disability if the situation is beyond human cont rol. According to Molloy (75), natural environment puts some people in some life threatening situations and people, societies and countries have to adapt to the situation in order to continue living. Different scholars have come up with several theories and perspectives that can help the society overcome and learn on how to cope with different life challenges. Some of these perspectives and theories include the Coping-succumbing framework, Insider-outsider distinction, and Adjustment to misfortune perspectives. This paper seeks explore the utility and applicability of coping-succumbing framework to misfortune perspective in comparison to the other two mentioned perspectives, in explaining adaptation process following a chronic disease and disability and delivery of services within a rehabilitation center. Comparison of adjustment to misfortune perspective with other two perspectives According to Marinelli (83), misfortunes always happen in life. Some come and leave while others come to stay. According to this scholar, these misfortunes can be life threatening if not positively taken. In the case of disabilities and chronic diseases, man is deprived the ability to easily work to earn a leaving. Most of the victims end up depending on the society for survival. However, some families and societies are unfriendly to people with disabilities and other chronic diseases. Some societies treat such people in isolation while in others such people are perceived outcasts.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such unfriendly environments cause psychological torture to these unfortunate people in the society. Comparing the three perspectives mentioned above, the coping-Succumbing framework best suits in addressing a society succumbed by such misfortunes. The Insider-outsider distinction perspective in social applications brings out the normal, healthy, educated, and wealthy to be in a better placed than the uneducated, sick, disabled, and other less fortunate members of the society. Instead of placing some people in better positions than others, the coping-succumbing framework perspective explains that since misfortunes are part of life, people affected in the community should learn the best ways of adjusting to them when they occur so that they do not affect the social relationships and interactions with the social-physical environment. The adjustment to misfortune may also be used in addressing victims of misfortunes. It explains that n once faced by misfortunes one needs accept and adjust to them. However, the theory places the victim in a very an awkward state of asking the why questions. The room of asking ‘the why’ questions causes torture to the victim. The theory gives the victim a chance to ask questions that none can respond to appropriately. The victim of for example, disability may feel unwanted and a burden to the society. Alt hough the theory applies the idea of religion, which is very important to the victim in accepting the unfortunate state, the fact that it gives the victim a personal chance to such for the cause and meaning of the misfortune makes it not effective. In comparison to the two other perspectives, coping-succumbing framework perspective remains more applicable. This is because of its ability to explore the coping mechanisms in adapting to misfortunes in life. This theory creates clear environment for the victim to accept and appreciate the misfortune as part of life, thereby responding through developing ways to adapt and cope with the misfortune. Utility of the perspective in explaining and predicting the process of chronic illness and disability adaptation From the discussion above it is clear that the perspective of coping-succumbing framework can be well applied in explaining and predicting the process of chronic illness and disability adaptation. The theory entails examining of the misfortune and defining the relevant psychosocial mechanisms for coping and adapting to the situation. In this theory, the psychosocial management starts from the onset of the disease or disability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Psychology of Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It explains what affects many victims of chronic illness and disability is stress on the realization of their state. This perspective first gives the stress coping mechanisms to the victim. The theory offers the coping properties that include adoption of behaviors that are purposeful and flexible, realization of the present life and future as well and introduction of the victims to the reality of the situation. These coping properties accompanied by several ways to encourage them accept and appreciate themselves. Their role in the society is highly valued and appreciated. This theory also involves the removal of all barri ers to that may limit the interaction of the victims with both the physical and social environment. By so doing, the social and physical interaction of the victim with the environment is not affected in any way. This theory clearly outlines the dangers of succumbing to chronic diseases. Succumbing is strongly discouraged because it makes an individual have the inability mentality a situation that can worsen the victim’s situation leading death or other complex situations. According to Vandiver (47), infection with chronic disease or having a disability does not mean lack of ability to achieve. The scholar points out clearly that though disabled or sick man must leave. Such victims still have the capacity and potential to achieve as much as any other person can. This theory helps individuals in the society to prepare and predict the occurrence of chronic diseases and disability in the society. How this perspective can be applied to service delivery within rehabilitation facili ties In rehabilitation facilities, it is always important to apply the most appropriate theory that that can help the disabled and those with chronic illness. In rehabilitation centers, one factor that management must know how to deal with is self-pity. The victims would develop the ‘why me’ feeling. Such a complaining heart will make one develop a negative attitude towards almost everything that is within their surroundings. According to Molloy (94), Coping-succumbing framework is the most appropriate strategy that can be used to handle these victims. An individual suffering from a chronic disease should be made to appreciate the fact that the condition does not change his or her social standing.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, an individual who is disabled should be made to appreciate his or her condition. This theory holds that once one cannot cope with his or her condition, then he or she shall succumb. This theory employs the notion that one should be positive about his or her condition. According to Nuovo (121), people who are suffering from chronic diseases may develop denial mechanisms towards their condition. In such cases, such people would start withdrawing to themselves. Withdrawal of such people may act against their developmental process within the rehabilitation centers. According to Miller (72), within the rehabilitation centers, the main aim is always to find a correctional mechanism that will make the patient improve and feel comfortable. Some of the diseases cannot be curable. When a patient suffers from such condition, he needs to accept the condition. This is what this theory holds. According to Marinelli (83), most rehabilitation centers have experienced cases where a pat ient or a person suffering from a disability commits suicide. This is a clear case of inability of an individual to accept his or her new condition. This is very common when such a person develops the condition when he or she has advanced in age. Such people develop the feeling that they have become useless. They feel that they can no longer make positive contributions that they were making before, and therefore, believe that they are not fit to live. They would cut their lives short either to avoid being a burden to their families, or to escape the experience that people with such disabilities live with. When this happens, such a person shall be considered to have succumbed to his or her condition Rehabilitation facilities should eliminate such cases. These centers should be source of hope to the disabled and those suffering from chronic diseases. They should be made to feel that they have a bright future ahead of them. They should realize that their contribution to the society rem ains very important, and that they will always be an asset to their families other than liabilities. This is what the coping strategy proposes in this framework. First, the person must come to appreciate his or her condition. If the condition can be changed for the better, he or she should be made to realize that the ability to get better depends on their effort they make to come out of the condition. If the condition cannot be changed, then they have to appreciate the fact that that is their condition and life must continue. The most important factor in that case will be to determine how to cope with the condition. Coping with the condition will depend with the willingness of the individual to cope with this condition, and the effort that people around him or her put to elevate the condition of the patient. People who are disabled hate being sympathized with by others. According to Lubkin (17), when one sympathizes with a lame person, the person will develop the feeling that he or she cannot make it through in life. The person will feel that his or her life is ruined. This will make them feel self-pity. This does not help in elevating the condition. As Kasperson (117) observes, the rehabilitation facilities should be places where the disabled and people suffering from chronic diseases can draw their challenge. These people should be made to feel that they have a potential that cannot be tied down by their condition. This way, the will have a vision beyond their disability. They will feel that life does continue even with the disease or the disability. They will strive to meet the challenge posed, and this is one of the best ways of managing chronic diseases and disability. The rehabilitation facility should revive hope in these people. In order to achieve this, there should be people with such disabilities or chronic diseases that must have succeeded in some areas that should be invited to give motivational speech. According to Hinshaw (78), coping with chron ic disease and disabilities requires a medicine of the heart. It requires the individual to tune the mind to success. He or she should get convinced that the condition is not in any way, interfering with their capacity to achieve their desires in life. This will be the role of the motivational speaker. They will identify with them, and believe that they can lead successful lives with their disability. Conclusion Chronic diseases and disability are challenges that a person can face at any stage in life. However, it is always a big challenge to accept the condition, especially when one acquires it when he is older. Such an individual would consider life meaningless, and if not taken care of in a proper manner, then he or she can succumb to the condition. The society, and especially the rehabilitation centers, should be able to help these individuals cope with their condition. They should be made to feel that there is a lot to achieve in life despite their new condition. Works Cited Hi nshaw, Stephen. The Mark of Shame: Stigma of Mental Illness and an Agenda for Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Kasperson, Jeanne. The Social Contours of Risk: 1. London: Earthscan, 2005. Print. Lubkin, Ilene. Chronic Illness: Impact and Interventions. Burlington: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2013. Print. Marinelli, Robert. The Psychological and Social Impact of Disability. New York: Springer Pub. Co, 1999. Print. Miller, Thomas. Handling Construction Defect Claims: Western States. Gaithersburg: Aspen Law Business, 1999. Print. Molloy, Susan. Handling It: You and Your Long-Term Disease. Melbourne: Hill of Content, 1995. Print. Nuovo, Jim. Chronic Disease Management. New York: Springer, 2007. Print. Vandiver, Vikki. Integrating Health Promotion and Mental Health: An Introduction to Policies, Principles, and Practices. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. This essay on The Social Psychology of Health was written and submitted by user D0m1n0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jelousy essays

Jelousy essays There are evil people in this world; greedy, manipulative, overbearing and jealous. Iago, in William Shakespeare's Othello, is an evil, malignant character. He uses people's goodness, integrity, and ignorance to get what he wants. When Othello's position is higher through character and status, Iago becomes jealous and decides that Othello must be eliminated. Iago is aware of the jealousy inside himself. Othello is a good man at heart, but is not aware of his evil and jealousy, and therefore will not be able to control it. Iago takes advantage of this and uses Othello's trust to manipulate Othello into revealing his true character. Iago, like any great manipulator, moves indirectly so he is never suspected. He uses Roderigo to get to Cassio, Desdemona, and Othello. Once the peace is disrupted, Iago moves directly to Othello. Everyone trusts Iago and believes that he is trying to do the best for them. Iago uses Roderigo to get Cassio in trouble with Othello. Since Roderigo is in love with Desdemona, "I confess it is my shame to be so found (of Desdemona)"(Act 1. Sc 3. Ln 360), Iago tells Roderigo that Cassio is in love with her and she in love with Cassio. "Desdemona is directly in love with him."(Act2. Sc1. Ln240) This upsets Roderigo and he is more prone to fight Cassio when told by Iago to do so. Roderigo does not just have Othello to compete with anymore; he has Cassio as well. Iago tells Roderigo that he can win Desdemona from Cassio by fighting and from Othello by following her to Cyprus. So Roderigo listens to and trusts the man, fights Cassio, sells his land and brings Iago to Cyprus. After the f ight Cassio is dismissed from his office by Othello. Iago wins. Cassio is in trouble, is no longer Othello's lieutenant and Iago is in Cyprus with Othello. He then moves in on Cassio. Cassio is another step closer for Iago's plan to cause Othello's demise. Iago convinces Cassio to ask Desdemona, Othello's wife, ...